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This volume contains papers on the following: CMOS devices and devices based on compound semiconductors; processing; silicon integrated technology and integrated circuit design; quantum physics; nanotechnology; nanodevices, sensors and microsystems. The latest news and future challenges in these fields are presented in invited papers.

Microelectronics. --- Microcomputers. --- Nanotechnology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Home computers --- Micro computers --- Micros (Microcomputers) --- PCs (Microcomputers) --- Personal computers --- Small computers --- Minicomputers --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment

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This book emphasises both experimental and theoretical aspects of surface, interface and thin film physics. Compa- red to the earlier editions, which bore the title "Surfaces and Interfaces of Solid Materials", the book now places more emphasis on thin films, including also their superconducting and ferromagnetic properties. The present 4th edition thus presents techniques of preparing well-defined solid surfaces and interfaces, fundamental aspects of adsorption and layer growth, as well as basic models for the descripti- on of structural, vibronic and electronic properties of sur- faces, interfaces and thin films. Because of their importan- ce for modern information technology, significant attention is paid to the electronic properties of semiconductor inter- faces and heterostructures. Collective phenomena , such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism, also feature promi- nently. Experimental sections covering essential measurement and preparation techniques are presented in separate panels.

Electronics and optics of solids --- Solids --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Thin films --- Surfaces --- -Surfaces (Physics) --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Solid state physics --- Transparent solids --- Thin films. --- Surfaces. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Solids - Surfaces

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This book is intended to serve as an in-depth analysis of thermoelectric theory, an overview of present day thermoelectric materials and devices, and as an updated source of information on the most studied recent thermoelectric materials developments. The main emphasis is on a basic understanding of the concepts and experimental techniques needed to propel researchers towards new and novel classes of thermoelectric materials with enhanced properties. The aim is to assist researchers in the field. The text is an expanded edition of a previous text "Electronic Refrigeration" by one of the authors, Julian Goldsmid. Half of the text is devoted to research that has taken place since the publication of that text. In addition, emphasis is placed on new materials research and developments.

Thermoelectricity. --- Thermoelectric apparatus and appliances. --- Thermoelectric materials. --- Thermoelectric cooling. --- Materials science. --- Energy storage. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials Science, general. --- Energy Storage. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Electronic materials --- Optics --- Materials --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Storage of energy --- Force and energy --- Power (Mechanics) --- Flywheels --- Pulsed power systems --- Material science

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Studies on the electronic properties of conjugated polymers and low molecular weight organic solids have been of increasing interest in recent years. This book is organized into two parts dedicated to these two classes of materials. For each part a general introductory review provides background knowledge of the language and of the main points required for understanding the book's contents. The reviews that follow provide a more complete understanding of the underlying physics of the materials through discussion of the interconnected topics. Theoretical concepts, models and methods are overviewed; this is used to support the explanation of the physical and chemical properties of these materials. The presentation of selected aspects of experimental research greatly contributes to the basic understanding of organic electronic materials.

Materials sciences --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Conducting polymers. --- Organic conductors. --- 544.225 --- Electronic structure of crystals --- Conducting polymers --- Organic conductors --- Conductors, Organic --- Molecular metals --- Organic metals --- Polymer metals --- Electroactive polymers --- Electroconductive polymers --- One-dimensional conductors --- Organometallic compounds --- Polymers --- Conjugated polymers --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials science. --- Polymers  . --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Material science --- Electronic materials --- Optics --- Materials

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Device and Circuit Cryogenic Operation for Low Temperature Electronics is a first in reviewing the performance and physical mechanisms of advanced devices and circuits at cryogenic temperatures that can be used for many applications. The first two chapters cover bulk silicon and SOI MOSFETs. The electronic transport in the inversion layer, the influence of impurity freeze-out, the special electrical properties of SOI structures, the device reliability and the interest of a low temperature operation for the ultimate integration of silicon down to nanometer dimensions are described. The next two chapters deal with Silicon-Germanium and III-V Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors, as well as III-V High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT). The basic physics of the SiGe HBT and its unique cryogenic capabilities, the optimization of such bipolar devices, and the performance of SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology at liquid nitrogen temperature are examined. The physical effects in III-V semiconductors at low temperature, the HEMT and HBT static, high frequency and noise properties, and the comparison of various cooled III-V devices are also addressed. The next chapter treats quantum effect devices made of silicon materials. The major quantum effects at low temperature, quantum wires, quantum dots as well as single electron devices and applications are investigated. The last chapter overviews the performances of cryogenic circuits and their applications. The low temperature properties and performance of inverters, multipliers, adders, operational amplifiers, memories, microprocessors, imaging devices, circuits and systems, sensors and read-out circuits are analyzed. Device and Circuit Cryogenic Operation for Low Temperature Electronics is useful for researchers, engineers, Ph.D. and M.S. students working in the field of advanced electron devices and circuits, new semiconductor materials, and low temperature electronics and physics.

Cryoelectronics --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- -Electronic devices --- Electronics --- Physical instruments --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Electronic instruments --- Cryogenic electronics --- Cryotronics --- Low temperature engineering --- Superconductivity --- Thermal properties --- Apparatus and appliances --- -Thermal properties --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Electronic circuits. --- Electrical engineering. --- Materials science. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Electronic materials --- Optics --- Materials --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering